FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Yes. Utilizing genetic fingerprints to predict patient response to drugs in early-phase clinical development, pharmacogenomics are used in the pharmaceutical industry in their endeavour to produce new drugs that are highly efficient in terms of safety and efficacy.
Researchers are now using genomic information to find or design drugs aimed at subgroups of patients with specific genetic profiles.
Researchers are also using pharmacogenomic tools to search for drugs that target specific molecular and cellular pathways involved in disease.
Read more detail in e.g., Burt and Dhillon, Pharmacogenomics in early-phase clinical development, Pharmacogenomics. 2013 July ; 14(9): 1085-1097
Until recently, drugs have been developed with the idea that each drug works pretty much the same in everybody. But genomic research has changed that “one size fits all” approach and opened the door to more personalized approaches to using and developing drugs.
Depending on your genetic makeup, some drugs may work more or less effectively for you than they do in other people. Likewise, some drugs may produce more or fewer side effects in you than in someone else. In the near future and with your consent, doctors will be able to routinely use information about your genetic makeup to choose those drugs and doses that offer the greatest chance of helping you.
A number of commonly used medicines are not included in PMP – this is due to the fact that there has not been made enough scientific research about the correlation between gene variations and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medicine.
Some of the medicine not described in PMP – e.g., paracetamol – are old drugs that are generically substituted and no longer of interest to medicine companies or doctors to study clinically. There will, therefore, probably never be sufficient documentation to implement the drug into PMP.
Worldwide a bit more than 230 of current medical drugs can be a target for a pharmacogenomic test. PMP have included around 200 –
the rest is in approval phase and will be integrated at a later time.
Personal Medicine Profile are fully independent and have no interests in recommending a particular Brand from a particular pharmaceutical company – we propose treatment recommendations for more than 200 medical ingredients, but not Brands.
Click on “My Results” up to the right on the top of this homepage and a new browser window will open directly to the portal where you can find your result using your two-fase-identification.If you have forgotten your password, click on “Forgot your password”.
Systems and processes such as e.g., the metabolic system, the hemostatic system as well as the biotransformation of drugs are still developing in children.
Much medicine will, therefore, act differently in children compared to adults. Although the genetic variations are stable in children, treatment heterogeneity may differ in childhood.
However, PMP can be used for children as the genes are the same for the rest of their life if you are not exposed to e.g., radioactivity or the like. We simply recommend that the clinical consequences and dose adjustments are further adjusted by a pediatrician or used only when the child becomes an adult.
Please, do not change or stop taking medicine based on the PMP without your doctors approval.
A pharmacogenomic test result does not provide answers to all factors relevant to optimal drug selection. Your lifestyle, exercise habits, smoking, organ function, nutritional status and current medicine are important considerations that your doctor must summarize before choosing therapy.
Yes, Personal Medicine Profile analysis must be carried out only once – it is a one-time investment.
The test result does not have to be repeated as it is the case for e.g., blood samples for medical conditions.
Your report (result) is automatically updated with new medicine as soon as the international scientific evidence of the relation between gene variation and the medicine’s metabolism is established. This means that the hospital department / the doctor/ the patient/ the pharmacy will be able to use the on-line test result again and again when you are re-admitted to the Healthcare sector.
All data are kept at a secure location. Processing servers are split into sections with full back-up service and are separated from other data bases such as CRM and homepage.
Data security set-up are following the rules of “privacy by design”.
A personal bar-code is a recurring anonymous ID for a patient sample, in the lab when genotyping, at the department for bioinformatics and are also stored in the data portal together with the result report.
For the sake of the Authorities demands to traceability, we keep the patients contact data and ID-control data in our PMP-system. These information are given to us under consent. The data can be seen only by customers and administrators with authorization.
According to European law is not allowed to see gene information at a detailed level.
A consent form can be withdrawn within 48 hours. This is done by sending a mail to admin@genetelligence.eu following a subsequent ID-procedure.
A consent form can also be changed e.g., if you change Doctor or move to another location. In this case it takes a bit longer and involves a written consent form from the new Doctor.
It is important to emphasize that the PMP report should be seen as a “Decision Support Tool”.
The doctor is not exempt from assessing the patient’s additional conditions in relation to PMP recommendations: Age, lifestyle, organ function, smoking, abuse, comorbidity etc.
In cases where the PMP report recommends a dose adjustment or a change of drug, the patient must always have the changes approved and managed by their doctor.
Based on the PMP report, the patient must NOT stop taking medicine or change his or her medicine without the Doctors approval.
Yes – in all cases where evidence-based data is available.
Drug-gene interaction occurs when the genotype affects a patient’s ability to metabolize or actively transport a drug substance.
Yes – in cases where evidence-based data is available. A drug-drug-gene interaction occurs when both the patient’s CYP450 or transporter genotype and another drug in the patient’s treatment regimen affect the metabolization or transport of a drug.
Yes – in cases where evidence-based data is available. A drug-drug-gene interaction occurs when both the patient’s CYP450 or transporter genotype and another drug in the patient’s treatment regimen affect the metabolization or transport of a drug.
Yes – in all cases where evidence-based data is available, the report includes information on pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, i.e., when the interaction occurs as a result of two drug substances competing for the same CYP450 enzyme or the same transporter.
Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions often cause undesirable side effects.
Drug-drug interactions can increase or decrease exposure to a drug, affecting the efficiency or safety.
Yes, PMP can be performed on patients who take herbal medicine and nutritional supplement. However, one must pay attention to the fact that herbal medicine may affect the absorption of drugs into the intestinal tract and it may, therefore, affect the effects of ordinary medicine.
PMP does not include herbal remedies and nutritional supplements in its report
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